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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 105 p. graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361420

ABSTRACT

Infecções por Plasmodium sp. podem levar a um quadro respiratório grave, com complicações pulmonares denominadas lesão pulmonar aguda e síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (LPA/SDRA). Inflamação aguda, lesão do endotélio alveolar e do parênquima pulmonar, disfunção e aumento da permeabilidade da barreira alvéolo-capilar e, consequente, formação de edema, caracterizam esta síndrome. O modelo experimental, que utiliza o parasita murino Plasmodium berghei ANKA e camundongos da linhagem DBA/2, é empregado no estudo de mediadores imunológicos e fatores que propiciam o estabelecimento das lesões pulmonares associados à LPA/SDRA. Diversos estímulos podem atuar diretamente no aumento da permeabilidade endotelial por meio da desestabilização dos microtúbulos, rearranjo dos microfilamentos de actina e contração das células endoteliais, via sinalização de Rho-GTPases, causando disfunção da barreira endotelial. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as alterações do citoesqueleto em células endoteliais primárias pulmonares de camundongos DBA/2 (CEPP-DBA/2), as vias de sinalização das principais Rho-GTPases e o estresse oxidativo, causados pela presença de eritrócitos parasitados com esquizontes de P. berghei ANKA (EP-PbA). As CEPP-DBA/2 foram estimuladas com TNF, VEGF ou IFNγ, em diferentes tempos de exposição, seguido da incubação com EP-PbA. Assim, foram realizados ensaios de imunofluorescência para análise do rearranjo de microfilamentos de actina e da desestabilização de microtúbulos. As vias de sinalização das Rho-GTPases foram avaliadas por Western blot, para as expressões proteicas de RhoA, Cdc42 e MLC. Além disso, ensaio fluorométrico foi realizado para detectar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, resultantes do estímulo com eritrócitos parasitados. CEPP-DBA/2 estimuladas por EP-PbA, VEGF, TNF ou IFNγ, em associação ou não, apresentaram alterações morfológicas nos microfilamentos de actina e aumento dos espaços interendoteliais. Imagens de imunofluorescência também mostram desestabilização de microtúbulos e desfosforilação de FAK, causadas por EP-PbA. Os ensaios de permeabilidade validam que os eritrócitos parasitados com formas maduras de P. berghei induziram aumento da permeabilidade microvascular nas CEPP-DBA/2. Além disso, estas células, estimuladas com EP-PbA, demonstraram elevada produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), o que pode estar contribuindo com o desenvolvimento de estresse oxidativo e com a injúria endotelial, assim como, com o aumento da permeabilidade vascular. O mais interessante é que estas alterações endoteliais podem estar relacionadas ao aumento da razão RhoA/Cdc42, da expressão proteica de MLC fosforilada e do sinal de ativação de RhoA. Em conjunto, estes resultados mostram envolvimento dos eritrócitos parasitados com esquizontes de Plasmodium berghei ANKA na desorganização do citoesqueleto e na disfunção da barreira alvéolo-capilar, via RhoA/Rho-kinase, o que pode estar contribuindo com a patogênese da LPA/SDRA associada à malária


Infections by Plasmodium sp. can lead to a serious respiratory condition with pulmonary complications, named acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Acute inflammation, alveolar endothelium and lung parenchyma injuries, dysfunction and increased permeability of the pulmonary alveolar-capillary barrier and consequent formation of edema characterize this syndrome. Several stimuli can directly increase endothelial permeability through actin microfilaments rearrangement, via Rho- GTPases signaling, leading to endothelial barrier dysfunction. DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA develop ALI/ARDS similar to that observed in humans. The purpose of this research was to assess cytoskeletal changes in DBA/2 mice primary microvascular lung endothelial cells (PMLEC), verify the signaling pathways of the Rho- GTPases and analyze the oxidative stress on these cells in the presence of P. berghei ANKA-infected red blood cells (PbA-iRBC). PMLEC were stimulated by TNF, VEGF or IFNγ followed by incubation with PbA-iRBC. Immunofluorescence assays were performed to analyze actin microfilaments rearrangement and microtubules destabilization. Western blot for RhoA, Cdc42 and MLC proteins were conducted to assess alterations in signaling pathways of Rho-GTPases. In addition, a fluorimetric assay was performed to detect the production of reactive oxygen species resulting from PbA-iRBC stimulus. P. berghei ANKA, VEGF, TNF and IFNγ stimuli, in association or not, caused morphological disturbances in actin microfilaments of PMLEC and an increase of intercellular spaces. Moreover, immunofluorescence images showed microtubules destabilization and FAK dephosphorylation in these cells, caused by PbA-iRBC. The permeability assay showed that PbA-iRBC induced an increase of microvascular permeability in PMLEC. In addition, PMLEC stimulated by PbA-iRBC, showed elevated production of ROS, which may be contributing to oxidative stress and increasing the damage of endothelial cells, as well as an increase of vascular permeability. Interestingly, these endothelial changes may be related to the increased RhoA/Cdc42 protein expressions ratio, augmented protein expression of phosphorylated MLC and RhoA activation signal. Taken together, these data demonstrate the involvement of P. berghei ANKA-infected red blood cells in cytoskeleton disorganization and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, through of RhoA / Rho-kinase signaling pathway, which may contribute to ALI/ARDS pathogenesis


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Cytoskeleton/classification , Endothelial Cells , Malaria/pathology , Plasmodium berghei/classification , Capillary Permeability/immunology , Blood-Air Barrier
2.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 32(4): 438-446, oct.-dic. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844895

ABSTRACT

La anemia drepanocítica es una enfermedad con un alto índice de morbilidad que afecta la calidad de vida de los pacientes que la padecen. El priapismo es una complicación frecuente de la enfermedad y se define como una erección dolorosa, prolongada y persistente del pene de más de 4 horas de duración,sin estimulación sexual asociada. El 95 por ciento de las crisis de priapismo en el paciente con anemia drepanocítica son de tipo isquémico o de bajo flujo. En este trabajo se revisan los nuevos mecanismos moleculares que explican la patogenia del priapismo isquémico y que son la base de futuras posibles dianas terapéuticas para su tratamiento(AU)


Sickle cell anaemia (SCD) is a disorder with a high index of morbidity, affecting the quality of life of these patients. Priapism is a common complication of SCD and it is characterized by a prolonged and persistent erection of the penis lasting more than 4 hours without associated sexual stimulation. The 95 percent of priapism crisis in SCD patients are ischemic type. In this paper we review the new molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic priapism and provide the basis for potential future therapies(AU)


Subject(s)
Priapism/physiopathology , Sickle Cell Trait/complications , Cohort Studies , Priapism/epidemiology
3.
Korean Journal of Andrology ; : 32-37, 2003.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-203310

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: RhoA/Rho-kinase regulates vascular tone via a calcium sensitization mechanism. Stimulation of the AT1 receptor by angiotensin (ANG) II activates the Rho A/Rho-kinase signaling pathway. However, its role in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (PCSM) has not been known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isometric tension measurements were performed in rabbit PCSM using a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632), and a selective myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor, 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride (ML7). RESULTS: Y-27632 significantly attenuated contractions induced by ANG II in a dose-dependent fashion. However, ML7 did not affect the contractile response to ANG II except at high concentration. Y-27632 inhibited contraction in response to phenylephrine (PhE), but ML7 did not. A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester, did not affect Y-27632-induced relaxation of the strip contracted with PhE. CONCLUSIONS: A G-protein-coupled increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, mediated through the RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling pathway, is involved in the regulation of the PCSM tone induced by ANG II. The RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway acts in AGN II-induced contraction independent of the NO pathway.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin II , Angiotensins , Calcium , Muscle, Smooth , Myofibrils , Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Phenylephrine , Relaxation , rho-Associated Kinases
4.
Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics ; (24)1992.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-639893

ABSTRACT

Actin cytoskeleton in podocyte is a complicated network structure,and the stability of this structure depend on many proteins which located in slit diaphragm,the apical membrane domain and the basal membrane domain with the stimulus of mechanical stress,the actin cytoskeleton can be adaptive regulated to maintain the normal function of glomerulus,and several signal pathways involve in the process,such as RhoA/Rho kinase signal pathway and TRPC6.

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